![]() ![]() At the time, it was thought that the gut must be fully healed and would probably have relaxed and ceased to grip the cannula as closely as was found 24 hr. The only difficulty comes in explaining the much lower measurements made 168 hr. ![]() The repetition of the pattern of readings on different occasions also supports the view that the results were reliable. It was also clear that the blood supply in the villi would have been greatly reduced by compression when the electrode was at its deepest position and this probably explains why a very low oxygen tension was recorded before the electrode was raised. The intestinal wall at the side where the readings were made was found to be neither damaged nor inflamed 24 hr. The villi were compared with those from an adjacent piece of small intestine, which had not been involved in the operation, and they appeared to be in a healthy condition. 2 when the highest readings for the oxygen tension were obtained these readings apply to Read’s paramucosal lumen. The electrode, therefore, was in the position shown in Fig. after the operation and the villi were found to be extending into the holes in the side arms of the cannula. The following observations support the opinion that these measurements are reasonably accurate records of the oxygen tension in the duck’s intestine. tetracycline hydrochloride was given 72 hr. 500,000 units of benzyl penicillin were given by injection, post-operatively, and an injection of 250 mg. The intestine was handled as little as possible and sutures, used to close the wound in the wall of the intestine, were never positioned on the side where oxygen measurements were to be made. This procedure ensured that the cannula was situated behind the yolk stalk in the region of the intestine where the majority of P. After opening the peritoneal cavity, the cannula was placed in the fifth loop of the intestine counting the duodenal loop as the first. The general operational procedure followed that described by Beattie & Shrimpton (1958) for the preparation of caecal fistulae. MATERIALS AND METHODSĪnaesthesia was induced by an injection of thiopentone sodium (50 mg./ml./3 kg.) into the brachial vein, and was maintained, during the insertion of the cannula, by means of an ether/oxygen mixture. The method described here was devised to investigate the region where the trunk of the worm is found. thick, lies in contact with the villi on one side and with the contents of the gut lumen on the other. The remainder of the trunk of the parasite, which in nature is flattened dorso-ventrally and is about 1♵ mm. Thus, it may be postulated that a tension near this value exists in the crypts of Lieberkühn, through which the parasite burrows. The oxygen tension of venous blood of domestic ducks is about 35–40 mm. The host reacts against the proboscis by surrounding it with fibrous material, but the neck and spiny anterior portion of the trunk of the worm do not appear to stimulate a host reaction although they also are in contact with the tissues of the gut wall. They become attached to their hosts by means of a spiny proboscis which bores as far as the longitudinal muscle layer of the gut wall. The majority of the worms live in a zone consisting of about 20 % of the length of the intestine, situated posterior to the yolk stalk ( Crompton & Harrison, 1965). minutus are found in the intestinal wall and paramucosal lumen of many birds including domestic ducks. Many parasites of vertebrates live in this region of the lumen, for which Read (1950) proposed the name paramucosal lumen in order to emphasize that its physico-chemical properties are different from those of the rest of the lumen. ![]()
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